{"id":47350,"date":"2022-10-17T06:38:18","date_gmt":"2022-10-17T04:38:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dorogimedence.hu\/?p=47350"},"modified":"2022-10-17T08:26:28","modified_gmt":"2022-10-17T06:26:28","slug":"470-eve-tortent-az-egri-varvedok-hos-diadala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dorogimedence.hu\/index.php\/2022\/10\/17\/470-eve-tortent-az-egri-varvedok-hos-diadala\/","title":{"rendered":"470 \u00e9ve t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt az egri v\u00e1rv\u00e9d\u0151k h\u0151s diadala"},"content":{"rendered":"

1552. okt\u00f3ber 17-\u00e9n a Dob\u00f3 Istv\u00e1n v\u00e1rkapit\u00e1ny \u00e1ltal vezetett magyar v\u00e9d\u0151k az egri v\u00e1rat t\u00f6bb, mint egy h\u00f3napja ostroml\u00f3 elk\u00e9peszt\u0151 t\u00faler\u0151ben l\u00e9v\u0151 t\u00f6r\u00f6k sereget feltart\u00f3ztatt\u00e1k, amely v\u00e9g\u00fcl visszavonulni k\u00e9nyszer\u00fclt. A hallatlan diadal eml\u00e9knapj\u00e1nak kerek \u00e9vfordul\u00f3j\u00e1n az el\u00e9v\u00fclhetetlen h\u0151stettet v\u00e9ghez vitt igaz hazafiak el\u0151tt tisztelg\u00fcnk.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Buda 1541-ben t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt eleste ut\u00e1n Magyarorsz\u00e1g h\u00e1rom r\u00e9szre szakadt \u00e9s kezdet\u00e9t vette az idegen uralom kiteljesed\u00e9se az elszak\u00edtott ter\u00fcleteken. A nyugati orsz\u00e1gr\u00e9szt a habsburgok, m\u00edg haz\u00e1nk k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9t a t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6k bitorolt\u00e1k, \u00e9kk\u00e9nt f\u00far\u00f3dva Nyugat-Magyarorsz\u00e1g \u00e9s a Felvid\u00e9k, valamint a viszonylagos f\u00fcggetlens\u00e9get \u00e9lvez\u0151 Erd\u00e9ly k\u00f6z\u00e9. Szulejm\u00e1n szult\u00e1n folyamatos terjeszked\u00e9si tervei mellett, a magyars\u00e1g vezet\u0151i, Fr\u00e1ter Gy\u00f6rgy vezet\u00e9s\u00e9vel igyekeztek legal\u00e1bb bizonyos fokban a megmaradt ter\u00fcleteket egyes\u00edteni. Ezt a t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6k r\u00e9szben az 1547-ben k\u00f6t\u00f6tt Drin\u00e1polyi b\u00e9ke megs\u00e9rt\u00e9sek\u00e9nt vett\u00e9k \u00e9s ennek k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben \u00fajabb h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00f3 hadj\u00e1ratot eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ltek 1552-ben, amelyet k\u00e9t sz\u00e1rny egy\u00fcttes megindul\u00e1s\u00e1val igyekezetek megval\u00f3s\u00edtani. M\u00e1s k\u00e9rd\u00e9s, hogy a fent eml\u00edtett b\u00e9k\u00e9t eleve csak 5 \u00e9vre k\u00f6t\u00f6tt\u00e9k, amely \u00e9ppen 1552-ben j\u00e1rt le. A hadj\u00e1rat strat\u00e9giai f\u0151 vezet\u0151je Kara Ahmed pasa, a k\u00e9t hadtest szerd\u00e1rja egyenesen Konstantin\u00e1polyb\u00f3l indult meg. A rum\u00e9liai csapatok parancsnoka Szokoli Mehmed beglerb\u00e9g, m\u00edg a Bud\u00e1r\u00f3l megindul\u00f3 sz\u00e1rny vez\u00e9re Hadim Ali pasa volt. El\u0151bbi Erd\u00e9lyre t\u00f6rve kezdte meg a hadj\u00e1ratot, m\u00edg Ali N\u00f3gr\u00e1d \u00e9s Hont v\u00e1rai ellen vonult. Mindk\u00e9t hadtest sorra foglalta el a kijel\u00f6lt v\u00e9geket \u00e9s er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9nyeket, amelyek sor\u00e1ban t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt Temesv\u00e1r, Veszpr\u00e9m, Holl\u00f3k\u0151, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9ny, Lippa, Buj\u00e1k, Kar\u00e1nsebes, Szolnok \u00e9s Dr\u00e9gely is t\u00f6r\u00f6k k\u00e9zre ker\u00fclt. K\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck Dr\u00e9gely v\u00e9delme egyenesen legend\u00e1ss\u00e1 v\u00e1lt a maroknyi, \u00e1m h\u0151siesen dacol\u00f3,\u00a0 Szondy Gy\u00f6rgy vezette v\u00e9d\u0151k b\u00e1tor \u00e1ldozat\u00e1val. Ezen cikk keret\u00e9n bel\u00fcl\u00a0 egyben Szondy \u00e9s h\u0151s vit\u00e9zei eml\u00e9ke el\u0151tt is tisztelg\u00fcnk. Szolnok gyakorlatilag harc n\u00e9lk\u00fcl elesett, miut\u00e1n a t\u00f6bbnyire idegen zsoldosokb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 v\u00e1r\u0151rs\u00e9g Ny\u00e1ry L\u0151rinc v\u00e1rkapit\u00e1nyt cserben hagyva, feladta a v\u00e1rat. A k\u00e9t t\u00f6r\u00f6k sereg Szolnokn\u00e1l egyes\u00fclt \u00e9s onnan egy\u00fctt indult Eger ellen. Helyt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9sk\u00e9nt itt eml\u00edten\u00e9m, hogy Esztergom \u00e9s vele egy\u00fctt k\u00f6zvetlen vonz\u00e1sk\u00f6rny\u00e9ke Doroggal egyetemben nem sokkal Buda eleste \u00e9s annak egyenes folytat\u00e1sak\u00e9nt, 1543-ban ker\u00fclt t\u00f6r\u00f6k uralom al\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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Az egri v\u00e1r m\u00e9g a sz\u00e9kesegyh\u00e1z teljes sz\u00e9ps\u00e9g\u00e9nek idej\u00e9b\u0151l. A t\u00f6r\u00f6k veszedelem k\u00f6zeledt\u00e9vel d\u00edszes szent\u00e9ly\u00e9t hadic\u00e9lok miatt elbontott\u00e1k \u00e9s hely\u00e9n \u00e1gy\u00fa\u00e1ll\u00e1st alak\u00edtottak ki (forr\u00e1s: pazirik.hu – Castle of Eger)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Eger a Szent Istv\u00e1n kir\u00e1lyunk \u00e1ltal alap\u00edtott \u00e9s ki\u00e9p\u00edtett f\u00fcggetlen magyar egyh\u00e1zrendszer egyik jelent\u0151s p\u00fcsp\u00f6ki sz\u00e9khelye, az Egri egyh\u00e1zmegye k\u00f6zpontja lett 1009-ben. V\u00e1ra a XIII. sz\u00e1zad m\u00e1sodik fel\u00e9ben \u00e9p\u00fclt, amelyet Szent J\u00e1nos evang\u00e9list\u00e1r\u00f3l neveztek el. A v\u00e1ron bel\u00fcl \u00e1llt a hatalmas \u00e9s gy\u00f6ny\u00f6r\u0171 k\u00e9ttorny\u00fa sz\u00e9kesegyh\u00e1z is. A v\u00e1r a T\u00f6r\u00f6k h\u00f3dolts\u00e1g kezdet\u00e9n a jeles korona\u0151r, Per\u00e9nyi P\u00e9ter tulajdon\u00e1ba ker\u00fclt, aki hozz\u00e1 is l\u00e1tott meger\u0151s\u00edteni a v\u00e1rat, majd a v\u00e1rkapit\u00e1nyk\u00e9nt kinevezett Dob\u00f3 Istv\u00e1n tervei alapj\u00e1n k\u00e9sz\u00edtett\u00e9k fel a leend\u0151 ostromra. Az egyes\u00edtett t\u00f6r\u00f6k sereg szeptember 10-13 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt \u00e9rkezett a v\u00e1r al\u00e1, amellyel mintegy 2 ezer f\u0151s v\u00e1rv\u00e9d\u0151 n\u00e9zett farkasszemet. Napjainkra elterjedt\u00e9 v\u00e1lt azon n\u00e9zet, hogy a korabeli kr\u00f3nik\u00e1k a csat\u00e1k sor\u00e1n le\u00edrt ellens\u00e9ges hadsereg l\u00e9tsz\u00e1m\u00e1t messze t\u00falbecs\u00fclt\u00e9k. Eger eset\u00e9ben 150 ezres seregr\u0151l \u00edrnak, viszont a modernkori t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9szek jelent\u0151s t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge ezt is er\u0151s t\u00falz\u00e1sk\u00e9nt \u00e9rt\u00e9keli \u00e9s harmad\u00e1ra, negyed\u00e9re t\u00e9telezi a val\u00f3s l\u00e9tsz\u00e1mot. A sz\u00e1mokon val\u00f3 lovagl\u00e1s alapjaiban nem v\u00e1ltoztat sokat \u00e9s a v\u00e1rv\u00e9d\u0151k \u00e9rdemeit sem csorb\u00edtja, mert amennyiben „csak” 40 ezres sereget is vesznek alapul, a 2 ezernyi v\u00e1rv\u00e9d\u0151 akkor is elt\u00f6rp\u00fcl mellette. Arr\u00f3l nem is besz\u00e9lve, hogy am\u00edg a h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00f3k regul\u00e1ris hadtesteiben harcol\u00f3k k\u00e9pzett, v\u00e9rbeli katon\u00e1k voltak, addig az egri v\u00e9d\u0151k t\u00f6bbs\u00e9g\u00e9ben nem csak harci tapasztalatokkal nem rendelkezett, de m\u00e9gcsak nem is katonaviselt ember volt. Az okoskod\u00f3 \u00e9s kozmetik\u00e1z\u00f3 t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9szeknek azonban azt is illene tudniuk, hogy egy 40 ezer f\u0151s hadsereg mekkora kiszolg\u00e1l\u00f3 szem\u00e9lyzetet ig\u00e9nyel. Amennyiben minden katon\u00e1hoz csak egyetlen h\u00e1tt\u00e9rembert is rendel\u00fcnk, az\u00e9rt l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy kor\u00e1ntsem voltak olyan elsz\u00e1lltak az egykori kort\u00e1srak a csapatok l\u00e9tsz\u00e1m\u00e1nak becsl\u00e9s\u00e9t illet\u0151en sem.<\/p>\n

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A v\u00e1rv\u00e9d\u0151k esk\u00fcje az egri v\u00e1rban (forr\u00e1s: amulok.blogspot.com)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Eger ostroma k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen j\u00f3l dokument\u00e1lt a legend\u00e1s kr\u00f3nik\u00e1s \u00e9nekes Tin\u00f3di Lantos Sebesty\u00e9nnek, majd a bel\u0151le mer\u00edt\u0151 kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00edr\u00f3nk, G\u00e1rdonyi G\u00e9za kultikus m\u0171v\u00e9nek, az Egri csillagok reg\u00e9nynek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en. G\u00e1rdonyit pedig m\u00e9g az\u00e9rt sem lehetne elmarasztalni, hogy a m\u0171 egyik f\u0151szerepl\u0151je, Cecey \u00c9va, azaz Vicuska csak kital\u00e1lt szem\u00e9ly. M\u00e1rcsak az\u00e9rt sem, mert Vic\u00e1ban szinte mindenest\u0151l testet\u00f6lt \u00e9s visszak\u00f6sz\u00f6n a h\u0151s egri n\u0151k alakja. K\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck is kiemelten Baloghn\u00e9t \u00e9s G\u00e1sp\u00e1rn\u00e9t. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s \u00e9rdekess\u00e9g, hogy a reg\u00e9ny 1968-ban k\u00e9sz\u00fclt filmv\u00e1ltozat\u00e1ban a Vicusk\u00e1t alak\u00edt\u00f3 Venczel Vera szinte napra pontosan a v\u00e1r sikeres megv\u00e9d\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9vfordul\u00f3j\u00e1n hunyt el, m\u00e9gpedig az elm\u00falt esztend\u0151ben. A t\u00f6bbi szerepl\u0151 – Dob\u00f3 Istv\u00e1n, tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 f\u0151 tisztjei, mint Bornemissza Gergely, Mekcsey Istv\u00e1n, Pet\u0151 G\u00e1sp\u00e1r, Zoltai Istv\u00e1n, Figedy J\u00e1nos, Bolyki Tam\u00e1s, K\u00f3zon Farkas, vagy Kende B\u00e1lint – viszont mind val\u00f3s ember \u00e9s z\u00f6m\u00e9ben nagyszer\u0171 jellem. A v\u00e9d\u0151k helyzet\u00e9t az iszony\u00fa t\u00faler\u0151 mellett tov\u00e1bbi k\u00e9t esem\u00e9ny is nehez\u00edtette. Egyr\u00e9szt okt\u00f3ber 4-\u00e9n felrobbant az egyik l\u0151szerrakt\u00e1ruk, amellyel jelent\u0151s mun\u00edci\u00f3t vesz\u00edtettek, de vele egy\u00fctt er\u0151sen rong\u00e1l\u00f3dott az ostrom \u00e1ltal am\u00fagy is meggy\u00f6t\u00f6rt v\u00e1r. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 Heged\u0171s Istv\u00e1n hadnagy \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1 csap\u00f3dott mintegy t\u00edz f\u0151 \u00e1rul\u00e1sa, akik titokban az alag\u00fatrendszeren \u00e1t kiosonva a v\u00e1rb\u00f3l, a t\u00f6r\u00f6k t\u00e1borba egyezs\u00e9get aj\u00e1nlottak az ellens\u00e9gnek. \u00c1rul\u00e1suk viszont m\u00e9g id\u0151 el\u0151tt leleplez\u0151d\u00f6tt \u00e9s a strat\u00e1rium t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyeinek megfelel\u0151en Heged\u0171st a v\u00e1r udvar\u00e1n felakasztott\u00e1k, m\u00edg embereinek a f\u00fcl\u00e9t v\u00e1gt\u00e1k le. A felsorakozott ostroml\u00f3 sereg szeptember 11-\u00e9n adta le els\u0151 t\u00fcz\u00e9rs\u00e9gi sorozatait, majd szeptember 17-t\u0151l heves \u00e1gy\u00faz\u00e1ssal megind\u00edtott\u00e1k a t\u00e9nyleges ostromot. A megs\u00e9r\u00fclt v\u00e1rfalakon kereszt\u00fcl t\u00f6bb rohamot is vezettek, \u00e1m valamennyit sikeresen visszavert\u00e9k a v\u00e9d\u0151k. Okt\u00f3ber 17-\u00e9n a t\u00f6r\u00f6k feladta a medd\u0151 pr\u00f3b\u00e1lkoz\u00e1sait, majd elvonult. Eger megv\u00e9d\u00e9se nem csak egy fontos v\u00e9gv\u00e1r megtart\u00e1s\u00e1t jelentette, hanem a Felvid\u00e9k meg\u00f3v\u00e1s\u00e1t is. Ugyanis amennyiben Eger elesik, a t\u00f6r\u00f6k el\u0151tt szabad \u00fat ny\u00edlt volna az \u00e9szaki orsz\u00e1gr\u00e9szeink fel\u00e9, amely b\u00e1ny\u00e1kban \u00e9s egy\u00e9b nyersanyagokban igen gazdag ter\u00fclet volt. Az egriek h\u0151stett\u00e9nek h\u00edre bej\u00e1rta Eur\u00f3p\u00e1t \u00e9s kontinens-szerte csod\u00e1latot v\u00e1ltott ki az emberekb\u0151l.<\/p>\n

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Dob\u00f3 Istv\u00e1n v\u00e1rkapit\u00e1ny, akit a kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g Herkulesek\u00e9nt emlegett\u00e9k Eur\u00f3pa-szerte (forr\u00e1s: Wikimedia Commons)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Az egri h\u0151s\u00f6k hagyat\u00e9ka \u00e9s \u00fczenete dr\u00e1ga kincs az ut\u00f3kornak, amelynek k\u00f6vetend\u0151 p\u00e9ld\u00e1val szolg\u00e1l az \u0151s\u00f6k \u00e1ldozatk\u00e9zs\u00e9ge \u00e9s hazaszeretete. A legnehezebb, legkil\u00e1t\u00e1stalanabb id\u0151kben is embernek, j\u00f3 hazafinak maradni, ez a k\u00fcldet\u00e9s \u00e9s feladat minden honpolg\u00e1rnak. Az \u00f6sszefog\u00e1s, az \u0151s\u00f6k rend\u00edthetetlen hite a mindenkori megtart\u00f3 er\u0151 \u00e9s a j\u00f6v\u0151 z\u00e1loga. Sajn\u00e1latos m\u00f3don megannyi jeles t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi \u00e9vfordul\u00f3nk nem tananyag, s\u0151t \u00fajabban G\u00e1rdonyi m\u0171ve sem k\u00e9pzi az irodalom oktat\u00e1s r\u00e9sz\u00e9t. Azonban addig is, am\u00edg v\u00e9gre egyszer a magyars\u00e1g veszi k\u00e9zbe saj\u00e1t \u00fcgyeit \u00e9s nem megt\u0171rt gyarmati megal\u00e1ztat\u00e1sban \u00e9l saj\u00e1t f\u00f6ldj\u00e9n, minden ember maga tehet a legt\u00f6bbet azzal, hogy \u0151sei eml\u00e9k\u00e9t meg\u0151rzi, tiszteli \u00e9s mer\u00edt bel\u0151le. T\u00e9rs\u00e9g\u00fcnk k\u00e9t meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 telep\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9n, Dorogon \u00e9s Esztergomban (pontosabban Esztergom-kertv\u00e1rosban) is Dob\u00f3 Istv\u00e1nr\u00f3l elnevezett utca \u0151rzi eml\u00e9k\u00e9t a jeles v\u00e1rkapit\u00e1nynak \u00e9s rajta kereszt\u00fcl eml\u00e9keztet valamennyi egri h\u0151sre \u00e9s ezen jeles \u00e9vfordul\u00f3ra.<\/p>\n

Szab\u00f3 Gyula<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bor\u00edt\u00f3k\u00e9p<\/span>: V\u00edzkeleti B\u00e9la – Eger 1552-es ostrom\u00e1t \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00f3 m\u0171ve (forr\u00e1s: Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1552. okt\u00f3ber 17-\u00e9n a Dob\u00f3 Istv\u00e1n v\u00e1rkapit\u00e1ny \u00e1ltal vezetett magyar v\u00e9d\u0151k az egri v\u00e1rat t\u00f6bb, mint egy h\u00f3napja ostroml\u00f3 elk\u00e9peszt\u0151 t\u00faler\u0151ben l\u00e9v\u0151 t\u00f6r\u00f6k sereget feltart\u00f3ztatt\u00e1k, amely v\u00e9g\u00fcl visszavonulni k\u00e9nyszer\u00fclt. 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